COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EXEGETICAL APPROACHES OF IBN KATHIR, AL-QURTUBI, AND AL-TABARI ON SURAHS AL-IKHLAS, AL-FALAQ, AND AN-NAS FROM THE QUR'AN

Abstract

This research conducted a comparative analysis of the exegetical approaches of Ibn Kathir, al-Qurtubi, and al-Tabari on Surahs al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, and an-Nas. The study aimed to identify the key similarities and differences in their interpretations, focusing on their use of sources, methodologies, and conclusions. The findings revealed distinct variations primarily due to differences in these factors but showed indication of uniformity in basic theological principles of monotheism. Ibn Kathir employed a literal interpretation, emphasizing Hadith and historical context. Al-Qurtubi utilized an allegorical approach, focusing on spiritual and symbolic meanings. Al-Tabari adopted a historical approach, emphasizing the context and significance of the Surahs. Despite these differences, all scholars recognized the importance of divine protection and the theological significance of the Surahs. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of Qur’anic exegesis and the diverse perspectives offered by early Islamic scholars. It highlights the influence of sources, methodologies, and historical context on the interpretation of the Glorious Qur’an.