The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Library Services Delivery in Academic Libraries in Nigeria

Abstract

This study critically examines the current state of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in Nigerian academic libraries, with particular focus on the tools in use, the extent of integration, the challenges faced, and the ethical implications of deploying AI-driven technologies. In the 21st century, academic libraries globally are shifting toward intelligent automation to enhance service delivery, improve user engagement, and streamline internal operations. In Nigeria, however, the uptake of AI remains limited, often due to financial constraints, lack of infrastructure, and inadequate technical expertise among library personnel. AI tools such as chatbots, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Online Public Access Catalogues (OPAC) with intelligent features, and predictive analytics are gradually being introduced in select institutions to support functions like virtual reference services, self-checkout systems, cataloguing, indexing, and user behavior analysis. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize how library users access information, while also enabling librarians to focus on more complex, value-added services. However, empirical evidence suggests that the implementation of AI in Nigerian libraries is often fragmented and lacks a strategic framework. Moreover, the ethical dimensions of AI use—such as data privacy, bias in algorithms, and concerns about job displacement—remain largely unaddressed in most institutions. This study highlights these concerns and emphasizes the need for libraries to adopt responsible AI practices guided by well-defined policies and professional standards. The paper concludes by proposing practical recommendations including capacity building for librarians, policy development, infrastructure improvement, and inter-institutional collaboration to foster sustainable and ethical AI integration across academic libraries in Nigeria.